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|
1. |
Fundamental Concepts |
1 |
Concepts fondamentaux |
|
2. |
Series of Constants |
6 |
Série de constantes |
|
3. |
Series of Positive Terms |
9 |
Série de termes positifs |
|
4. |
Alternating Series |
15 |
Série alternée |
|
5. |
Series of Positive and Negative Terms |
16 |
Série de termes positifs et
négatifs |
|
6 |
Algebra of Senes |
21 |
Algèbre de Sénès |
|
7. |
Continuity of Functions Uniform Convergence |
23 |
Continuité des fonctions
Convergence uniforme |
|
8. |
Properties of Uniformly Convergent Senes |
28 |
Propriétés des sites
uniformément convergents |
|
9. |
Power Senes |
30 |
Puissance Senes |
|
10. |
Properties of Power Senes |
33 |
Propriétés des Power Senes |
|
11. |
Expansion of Functions in Power Series |
35 |
Extension des fonctions dans la
série Power |
|
12. |
Application of Taylor’s Formula |
41 |
Application de la formule de
Taylor |
|
13 |
Evaluation of Definite Integrals by Means of Power Series ... |
43 |
Évaluation d'intégrales définies
au moyen de séries de puissances ... |
|
14 |
Rectification of Ellipse. Elliptic Integrals |
47 |
Rectification d'Ellipse.
Intégrales elliptiques |
|
15 |
Discussion of Elliptic Integrals |
48 |
Discussion sur les intégrales
elliptiques |
|
16 |
Approximate Formulas in Applied Mathematics |
55 |
Formules approximatives en
mathématiques appliquées |
|
17 |
Preliminary Remarks |
63 |
Remarques préliminaires |
|
18 |
Dinchlet Conditions. Derivation fourier coeficients |
65 |
Conditions de Dinchlet.
Coefficients de Fourier de dérivation |
|
19 |
Expansion of Functions in Fourier Series. |
67 |
Extension des fonctions en série
de Fourier. |
|
20 |
Sine and Cosine Series |
73 |
Série sinus et cosinus |
|
21. |
Extension of Interval of Expansion |
76 |
Extension de l'intervalle
d'expansion |
|
22. |
Complex Form of Fourier Series |
78 |
Forme complexe de la série de
Fourier |
|
23. |
Differentiation and Integration of Fourier Series |
80 |
Différenciation et intégration
des séries de Fourier |
|
24. |
Orthogonal Functions |
81 |
Fonctions orthogonales |
|
25. |
Graphical Solutions |
83 |
Solutions graphiques |
|
26. |
Algebraic Solution of Cubic |
86 |
Solution algébrique du cube |
|
27. |
Some Algebraic Theorems |
92 |
Quelques théorèmes algébriques |
|
28. |
Horner’s Method |
95 |
Méthode de Horner |
|
29. |
Newton’s Method . . |
97 |
Méthode de Newton. . |
|
31. |
Determinants of the nth Order. |
100 |
Déterminants du nième ordre. |
|
30. |
Determinants of the Second and Third Order |
102 |
Déterminants du second et du
troisième ordre |
|
31. |
Determinants of the nth Order. |
106 |
Déterminants du nième ordre. |
|
32. |
Properties of Determinants . . . |
107 |
Propriétés des déterminants . .
. |
|
33. |
Minors . |
110 |
Mineurs. |
|
34. |
Matrices and Linear Dependence |
114 |
Matrices et dépendance linéaire |
|
35 |
Consistent and Inconsistent Systems of Equations |
117 |
Systèmes d'équations cohérents
et incohérents |
|
36 |
Functions of Several Variables |
123 |
Fonctions de plusieurs variables |
|
37 |
Partial Derivatives |
125 |
Dérivées partielles |
|
38 |
Total Differential |
127 |
Différentiel total |
|
39 |
Total Derivatives |
130 |
Dérivés totaux |
|
40. |
Euler's Formula |
136 |
Formule d'Euler |
|
41. |
Differentiation of Implicit Functions |
137 |
Différenciation des fonctions
implicites |
|
42. |
Directional Derivatives |
143 |
Dérivés directionnels |
|
43. |
Tangent Plane and Normal Line to a surface |
146 |
Plan tangent et ligne normale à
une surface |
|
44. |
Space Curves |
149 |
Courbes spatiales |
|
45. |
Directional Derivatives in Space |
151 |
Dérivés directionnels dans
l'espace |
|
46. |
Higher Partial Derivatives |
153 |
Dérivées partielles supérieures |
|
47. |
Taylor’s Scries for Functions of Two Variables |
155 |
Scries de Taylor pour les
fonctions de deux variables |
|
48. |
Maxima and Minima of Functions of one variable |
158 |
Maxima et Minima des fonctions
d'une variable |
|
49. |
Maxima and Minima of Functions of Several Variables . |
160 |
Maxima et Minima des fonctions
de plusieurs variables . |
|
50. |
Constrained Maxima and Minima |
163 |
Maxima et Minima contraints |
|
51. |
Differentiation under the Integral Sign |
167 |
Différenciation sous le signe
intégral |
|
52. |
Definition and Evaluation of the Double Integral |
173 |
Définition et évaluation de la
double intégrale |
|
53. |
Geometric Interpretation of the Double Integral |
177 |
Interprétation géométrique de la
double intégrale |
|
54. |
Triple Integrals |
179 |
Intégrales triples |
|
55. |
Jacobians. Change of Variable |
183 |
Jacobiens. Changement de
variable |
|
56. |
Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinates |
185 |
Coordonnées sphériques et
cylindriques |
|
57. |
Surface Integrals |
188 |
Intégrales de surface |
|
58. |
Green’s Theorem in Space |
191 |
Théorème de Green dans l'espace |
|
59. |
Symmetrical Form of Green’s Theorem |
194 |
Forme symétrique du théorème de
Green |
|
60. |
Definition of Line Integral |
197 |
Définition de l'intégrale
linéaire |
|
61. |
Area of a Closed Curve |
199 |
Aire d'une courbe fermée |
|
62. |
Green’s Theorem for the Plane |
202 |
Théorème de Green pour le plan |
|
63. |
Properties of Line Integrals |
206 |
Propriétés des intégrales de
ligne |
|
64 |
Multiply Connected Regions . |
212 |
Multiplier les régions
connectées . |
|
65. |
Line Integrals in Space |
215 |
Intégrales de ligne dans
l'espace |
|
66. |
Illustrations of the Application of the Line Integrals . |
217 |
Illustrations de l'application
des intégrales de ligne . |
|
67 |
Preliminary Remarks |
225 |
Remarques préliminaires |
|
68. |
Remarks on Solutions |
227 |
Remarques sur les solutions |
|
69. |
Newtonian Laws |
231 |
Lois newtoniennes |
|
70. |
Simple Harmonic Motion |
233 |
Mouvement harmonique simple |
|
71 |
Simple Pendulum |
234 |
Pendule simple |
|
72 |
Further Examples of Derivation of Differential Equations |
239 |
Autres exemples de dérivation
d'équations différentielles |
|
73 |
Hyperbolic Functions |
247 |
Fonctions hyperboliques |
|
74 |
First-order
Differential Equations |
256 |
Équations différentielles du premier ordre |
|
75 |
equations with
Separable Variables |
257 |
équations à variables séparables |
|
76 |
Homogeneous Differential Equations |
259 |
Équations différentielles
homogènes |
|
77 |
Exact Differential
Equations |
262 |
Équations différentielles exactes |
|
78 |
Integrating Factors |
265 |
Facteurs d'intégration |
|
|
Not Occur Explicitly |
267 |
Ne se produit pas explicitement |
|
80. |
Differential Equations of the Second Order |
269 |
Équations différentielles du
second ordre |
|
81. |
Gamma Functions |
272 |
Fonctions gamma |
|
82. |
Orthogonal Trajectories |
277 |
Trajectoires orthogonales |
|
83 |
Singular Solutions |
279 |
Solutions singulières |
|
84. |
Linear Differential equations of the first order |
283 |
Équations différentielles
linéaires du premier ordre |
|
85. |
Linear Equations of the First Order . . |
284 |
Équations linéaires du premier
ordre. . |
|
|
Equation) |
286 |
Équation) |
|
87 |
Linear Differential Equations of the nth Order |
287 |
Équations différentielles
linéaires du nième ordre |
|
88 |
Some General Theorems |
291 |
Quelques théorèmes généraux |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
90. |
Oscillation of a Spring and Discharge of a Condenser |
299 |
Oscillation d'un ressort et
décharge d'un condenseur |
|
91. |
Viscous Damping |
302 |
Amortissement visqueux |
|
92. |
Forced Vibrations . |
308 |
Vibrations forcées. |
|
93. |
Resonance |
310 |
Résonance |
|
94. |
Simultaneous Differential Equations |
312 |
Équations différentielles
simultanées |
|
95. |
Linear Equations with Variable Coefficients |
315 |
Équations linéaires à
coefficients variables |
|
96. |
Variation of Parameters |
318 |
Variation des paramètres |
|
97 |
The Euler Equation |
322 |
L'équation d'Euler |
|
98 |
Solution in Series |
325 |
Solution en série |
|
99. |
Existence of Power Series Solutions |
329 |
Existence de solutions Power
Series |
|
100. |
Bessel’s Equation |
332 |
Équation de Bessel |
|
101. |
Expansion in Series of bessel fonctions |
339 |
Développement en série des
fonctions de bessel |
|
102. |
Legendre’s Equation |
342 |
Équation de Legendre |
|
103. |
Numerical Solution of Differential Equations |
346 |
Solution numérique des équations
différentielles |
|
104. |
Preliminary Remarks . |
350 |
Remarques préliminaires . |
|
106. |
Integration of Partial Differential Equations. |
353 |
Intégration des équations aux
dérivées partielles. |
|
107. |
Linear Partial Differential Equations with Constant
Coefficients |
357 |
Équations aux dérivées
partielles linéaires à coefficients constants |
|
108. |
Transverse Vibration of Elastic String |
361 |
Vibration transversale de la
corde élastique |
|
109. |
Fourier Senes Solution . |
364 |
Fourier Senes Solution . |
|
110. |
Heat Conduction |
367 |
Conduction de la chaleur |
|
111. |
Steady Heat Flow . . |
369 |
Flux de chaleur constant . . |
|
112. |
Variable Heat Flow ... |
373 |
Flux de chaleur variable... |
|
113. |
Vibration of a Membrane |
377 |
Vibration d'une membrane |
|
114. |
Laplace’s Equation . |
382 |
L'équation de Laplace. |
|
115. |
Flow of Electricity in a Cable . . |
386 |
Flux d'électricité dans un câble
. . |
|
116. |
Scalars and Vectors |
392 |
Scalaires et vecteurs |
|
117. |
Addition and Subtraction of Vectors |
393 |
Addition et soustraction de
vecteurs |
|
118. |
Decomposition of Vectors. Base Vectors |
396 |
Décomposition des vecteurs.
Vecteurs de base |
|
119. |
Multiplication of Vectors |
399 |
Multiplication de vecteurs |
|
120. |
Relations between Scalar and Vector Products |
402 |
Relations entre les produits
scalaires et vectoriels |
|
121. |
Applications of Scalar and Vector Products |
404 |
Applications des produits
scalaires et vectoriels |
|
122. |
Differential Operators |
406 |
Opérateurs différentiels |
|
123. |
Vector Fields |
409 |
Champs vectoriels |
|
124. |
Divergence of a Vector |
411 |
Divergence d'un vecteur |
|
126. |
Curl of a Vector |
418 |
Boucle d'un vecteur |
|
127. |
Stokes’s Theorem |
421 |
Théorème de Stokes |
|
128 |
Two Important Theorems |
422 |
Deux théorèmes importants |
|
129 |
129 Physical Interpretation of Divergence and Curl |
423 |
129 Interprétation physique de
la divergence et de l'enroulement |
|
130. |
Equation of Heat Flow |
425 |
Équation du flux de chaleur |
|
131. |
Equations of Hydrodynamics |
428 |
Équations d'hydrodynamique |
|
132. |
Curvilinear Coordinates |
433 |
Coordonnées curvilignes |
|
133. |
Complex Numbers |
440 |
Nombres complexes |
|
134. |
Elementary Functions of a Complex Variable . |
444 |
Fonctions élémentaires d'une
variable complexe . |
|
135. |
Properties of Functions of a Complex Variable |
448 |
Propriétés des fonctions d'une
variable complexe |
|
136. |
Integration of Complex Functions .... |
453 |
Intégration de fonctions
complexes .... |
|
137. |
Cauchy’s Integral Theorem |
455 |
Théorème de l'intégrale de
Cauchy |
|
138. |
Extension of Cauchy’s Theorem |
455 |
Extension du théorème de Cauchy |
|
139. |
The Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus |
457 |
Le théorème fondamental du
calcul intégral |
|
140. |
Cauchy’s Integral Formula . . |
461 |
Formule intégrale de Cauchy. . |
|
141. |
Taylor’s Expansion. . |
464 |
L'expansion de Taylor. . |
|
142. |
Conformal Mapping .... |
465 |
Cartographie conforme .... |
|
143. |
Method of Conjugate Functions |
467 |
Méthode des fonctions conjuguées |
|
144. |
Problems Solvable by Conjugate Functions |
470 |
Problèmes résolubles par des
fonctions conjuguées |
|
145 |
Examples of Conformal Maps . |
471 |
Exemples de cartes conformes . |
|
146 |
Applications of Conformal Representation. |
479 |
Applications de la
représentation conforme. |
|
147. |
Fundamental Notions |
492 |
Notions fondamentales |
|
|
|
|
148 |
Independent Events |
495 |
Événements indépendants |
|
149. |
Mutually Exclusive Events |
497 |
Des événements mutuellement
exclusifs |
|
150. |
Expectation. . |
500 |
Attente. . |
|
151. |
Repeated and Independent Trials |
501 |
Essais répétés et indépendants |
|
152. |
Distribution Curve |
504 |
Courbe de répartition |
|
153. |
Stirling’s Formula |
508 |
Formule de Stirling |
|
154. |
Probability of the Most Probable Number . |
511 |
Probabilité du nombre le plus
probable. |
|
155. |
Approximations to Binomial Law |
512 |
Approximations de la loi
binomiale |
|
156. |
The Error fonction |
516 |
La fonction Erreur |
|
157. |
Precision Constant. Probuble Error |
521 |
Constante de précision. Erreur
probable |
|
158 |
Graphical Method . |
525 |
Méthode graphique. |
|
159. |
Differences |
527 |
Différences |
|
160. |
Equations That Represent Special types of data |
528 |
Équations qui représentent des
types spéciaux de données |
|
161. |
Constants Determined by Method averages |
534 |
Constantes déterminées par les
moyennes de la méthode |
|
162. |
Method of Least Squares |
536 |
Méthode des moindres carrés |
|
163. |
Method of Moments |
544 |
Méthode des Moments |
|
164. |
Harmonic Analysis |
545 |
Analyse Harmonique |
|
165. |
Interpolation Formulas |
550 |
Formules d'interpolation |
|
166. |
Lagrange's Interpolation Formula |
552 |
Formule d'interpolation de
Lagrange |
|
167. |
Numerical Integration |
554 |
Intégration numérique |
|
168. |
A More General Formula |
558 |
Une formule plus générale |
|
|
Answers |
561 |
Réponses |
|
|
Index |
575 |
Indice |
|
105. |
Elimination of Arbitrary Functions. |
. |
Élimination des fonctions
arbitraires. |
|
|
|
|
108. |
Transverse Vibration of Elastic String . |
. |
Vibration transversale de la
corde élastique. |
|
105 |
Elimination of Arbitrary Functions. |
.... |
Élimination des fonctions
arbitraires. |
|
79 |
Equations of the First Order m Which One of the Variables Does |
|
Équations du premier ordre m
Laquelle des variables fait |
|
89 |
The Meaning of the Operator |
|
La signification de l'opérateur |
|
393 |
parallelogram law of, |
|
loi du parallélogramme de, |
|
394 |
Adiabiftic process, 224
Aerodynamics, 133, 431 Algebra, fundamental theorem of, 92 Algebraic
theorems, 92-94 Alternating series, 15 am i/, 51 |
|
Processus adiabiftique, 224
Aérodynamique, 133, 431 Algèbre, théorème fondamental de, 92 Théorèmes
algébriques, 92-94 Séries alternées, 15 am i/, 51 |
|
441 |
Addition, of series, 21 of vectors, |
|
Addition, de séries, 21 de
vecteurs, |
|
|
|
|
18. |
Dinchlct Conditions. Derivation of Fourier Coefficients ....
65 |
|
Conditions d'appel. Dérivation
des coefficients de Fourier .... 65 |
|
79. |
Equations of the First Order in Which One of the Variables
Does |
|
Équations du premier ordre dans
lesquelles une des variables fait |
|
86. |
A Non-linear Equation Reducible to Linear Form (Bernoulli’s |
|
Une équation non linéaire
réductible à une forme linéaire (équation de Bernoulli |
|
89. |
'Hie Meaning of the Operator |
|
'Hie Signification de
l'Opérateur |
|
|
(See also Differential
equations) Ordinary discontinuity, 64 Origin of a vector, 393 Orthogonal
curves, 277, 468 Orthogonal functions, 81, 339, 345 Orthogonal systems, 434
^Orthogonal trajectories, 277-279 Orthogonal vectors, 398 Oscillation of a
spring, 299 Oscillatory motion, 304 Overdamped, 303 |
|
(Voir aussi Équations
différentielles) Discontinuité ordinaire, 64 Origine d'un vecteur, 393
Courbes orthogonales, 277, 468 Fonctions orthogonales, 81, 339, 345 Systèmes
orthogonaux, 434 ^Trajectoires orthogonales, 277-279 Vecteurs orthogonaux,
398 Oscillation d'un ressort, 299 Mouvement oscillatoire, 304 Suramorti, 303 |
|
|
. 478, 480-484 |
|
. 478, 480-484 |
|
|
A |
|
UN |
|
|
Absolute convergence of series, lb, 17, 20, 21 |
|
Convergence absolue des séries,
lb, 17, 20, 21 |
|
|
Absolute value of complex number, 441 |
|
Valeur absolue du nombre
complexe, 441 |
|
|
Addition, of series, 21 of
vectors, 393 parallelogram law of, 394 Adiabiftic process, 224 Aerodynamics,
133, 431 Algebra, fundamental theorem of, 92 Algebraic theorems, 92-94
Alternating series, 15 am i/, 51 |
|
Addition, de séries, 21 de
vecteurs, 393 loi de parallélogramme, 394 Processus adiabiftique, 224
Aérodynamique, 133, 431 Algèbre, théorème fondamental de, 92 Théorèmes
algébriques, 92-94 Séries alternées, 15 am i/, 51 |
|
|
Amplitude of complex number, 441
Amplitude function, 51 Analysis, harmonic, 545 Analytic functions, 451-491
Angle, as a line integral, 195 direction, 146, 398 of lap, 240 of twist, 485
solid, 195 |
|
Amplitude d'un nombre complexe,
441 Fonction d'amplitude, 51 Analyse, harmonique, 545 Fonctions analytiques,
451-491 Angle, en tant qu'intégrale linéaire, 195 direction, 146, 398 de
tour, 240 de torsion, 485 solide, 195 |
|
|
Angular velocity, 61, 191, 236, 404, 424 |
|
Vitesse angulaire, 61, 191, 236,
404, 424 |
|
|
Applications, of conformal
representation, 479-491 of line integrals, 217-224 of scalar arid vector
products, 404-406 |
|
Applications, de la
représentation conforme, 479-491 des intégrales linéaires, 217-224 des
produits scalaires et vectoriels, 404-406 |
|
|
Approximate formula, for n!, 509
for probability of most probable number, 511 |
|
Formule approximative, pour n!,
509 pour la probabilité du nombre le plus probable, 511 |
|
|
Approximations to binomial law,
512 Arc length, 143 of ellipse, 47 |
|
Approximations de la loi
binomiale, 512 Longueur d'arc, 143 d'ellipse, 47 |
|
|
approximations to, 512 Binomial
series, 40 Biot and Savart, law of, 52 Boundary conditions, 242, 351, 363,
370 |
|
approximations de, 512 Séries
binomiales, 40 Biot et Savart, loi de, 52 Conditions aux limites, 242, 351,
363, 370 |
|
|
Arc length, of sinusoid, 55 Area, 172 |
|
Longueur d'arc, de sinusoïde, 55
Zone, 172 |
|
|
Argument of complex number, 441
Associative law, for series, 18 for vectors, 394 |
|
Argument de nombre complexe, 441
Loi associative, pour les séries, 18 pour les vecteurs, 394 |
|
|
around a closed curve, 202, 206, 216, 421 |
|
autour d'une courbe fermée, 202,
206, 216, 421 |
|
|
as a double integral, 178 as a
line integral, 190-202 element of, 183, 184, 190, 437 positive and negative,
200 surface, 188-196 |
|
comme intégrale double, 178
comme intégrale linéaire, 190-202 élément de, 183, 184, 190, 437 positif et
négatif, 200 surface, 188-196 |
|
|
Asymptotic formula for a1, 509
Asymptotic senes, 524 Atmosphere, thickness of, 61 Attraction, law of, 218,
232 motion under, 58, 218 of cone, 196 of cylinder, 196 of sphere, 196, 232
Augmented matrix, 118 Auxiliary equation, 292 Averages, method of, 534 Axes,
right- or left-handed, 397 |
|
Formule asymptotique pour a1,
509 Sènes asymptotique, 524 Atmosphère, épaisseur de, 61 Attraction, loi de,
218, 232 mouvement sous, 58, 218 de cône, 196 de cylindre, 196 de sphère,
196, 232 Matrice augmentée, 118 Équation auxiliaire , 292 Moyennes, méthode
de, 534 Axes, droitier ou gaucher, 397 |
|
|
B |
|
B |
|
|
Base vectors, 396 Beam, 240-242,
307 Belt on pulley, slipping of, 239 Bending moment, 241 Bernoulli-Euler law,
241, 307 Bernoulli’s equation, 286 Bessel functions, 273, 336, 381 expansion
in, 339 Bessel's equation, 332, 380 Beta function, 27*6 Binomial law, 502 |
|
Vecteurs de base, 396 Poutre,
240-242, 307 Courroie sur poulie, glissement de, 239 Moment fléchissant, 241
Loi de Bernoulli-Euler, 241, 307 Équation de Bernoulli, 286 Fonctions de
Bessel, 273, 336, 381 expansion en, 339 Équation de Bessel, 332, 380 Fonction
bêta, 27*6 Loi binomiale, 502 |
|
|
Buckling, 299 |
|
Flambement, 299 |
|
|
c, 42 c'xy 250 |
|
c, 42 c'xy 250 |
|
|
Cable, flexible, 244 flow of
electricity in, 386 supporting horizontal roadway, 242 |
|
Câble, flexible, 244 flux
d'électricité entrant, 386 supportant une chaussée horizontale, 242 |
|
|
Cartography, 479 Catenary, 247, 252. |
|
Cartographie, 479 Caténaire,
247, 252. |
|
|
Cauchy- Riemann equations, 221, 450, 455 |
|
Équations de Cauchy-Riemann,
221, 450, 455 |
|
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Cauchy’s equation, 322n. |
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Équation de Cauchy, 322n. |
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Cauchy’s integral formula, 401
Cauchy’s integral test, 12 Cauchy’s integral theorem, 455 Center of gravity,
177, 182, 183, 187, 190, 191, 196, 522 |
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Formule intégrale de Cauchy, 401
Test intégral de Cauchy, 12 Théorème intégral de Cauchy, 455 Centre de
gravité, 177, 182, 183, 187, 190, 191, 196, 522 |
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Change of variables, in derivatives, 154 |
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Changement de variables, dans
les dérivées, 154 |
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Chapter 1 |
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Chapitre 1 |
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Chapter II FOURIER SERIES |
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Chapitre II SERIE DE FOURIER |
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Chapter II FOURIER SERIES |
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Chapitre II SERIE DE FOURIER |
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Chapter III |
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Chapitre III |
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Chapter III |
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Chapitre III |
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Chapter IV |
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Chapitre IV |
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Chapter IV |
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Chapitre IV |
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Chapter IX VECTOR ANALYSIS |
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Chapitre IX ANALYSE VECTORIELLE |
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Chapter IX VECTOR ANALYSIS |
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Chapitre IX ANALYSE VECTORIELLE |
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Chapter V |
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Chapitre V |
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Chapter V |
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Chapitre V |
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Chapter VI LINE INTEGRAL |
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Chapitre VI INTEGRALE DE LIGNE |
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Chapter VI LINE INTEGRAL |
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Chapitre VI INTEGRALE DE LIGNE |
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Chapter VII |
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Chapitre VII |
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Chapter VII |
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Chapitre VII |
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Chapter VIII |
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Chapitre VIII |
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Chapter VIII |
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Chapitre VIII |
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Chapter X |
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Chapitre X |
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Chapter X |
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Chapitre X |
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Chapter XI PROBABILITY |
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Chapitre XI PROBABILITÉ |
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Chapter XI PROBABILITY |
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Chapitre XI PROBABILITÉ |
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Chapter XI PROBABILITY |
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Chapitre XI PROBABILITÉ |
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Chapter XII |
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Chapitre XII |
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Chapter XII |
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Chapitre XII |
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Chapter XII |
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Chapitre XII |
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Coefficients, Fourier, 65
metric, 437 Cofactor, 111, 112 Combinatory analysis, fundamental principle
of, 493 |
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Coefficients, Fourier, 65
métrique, 437 Cofacteur, 111, 112 Analyse combinatoire, principe fondamental
de, 493 |
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Commutative law, 394, 399, 400
Comparison test for series, 9 Complementary function, 290, 292 Complete
elliptic integrals, 48 Complex number, 440 absolute value of, 441 argument
of, 441 conjugate of, 444, 488 vector representation of, 440 Complex roots of
unity, 87 |
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Loi commutative, 394, 399, 400
Test de comparaison de séries, 9 Fonction complémentaire, 290, 292 Intégrales
elliptiques complètes, 48 Nombre complexe, 440 valeur absolue
de, 441 argument de, 441 conjugué de, 444, 488 représentation vectorielle de,
440 Complexe racines de l'unité, 87. |
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COMPLEX VARIABLE |
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VARIABLE COMPLEXE |
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Complex variable, 440-491
functions of, 444-491 analytic, 451-491 derivative of, 449 integration of,
453 line integral of, 454 Taylor’s expansion for, 464 Components of force,
217 Composite function, 134, 137 Condenser, 283, 299, 305, 308, 387
Conditionally convergent series, 16, 17, 21 |
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Variable complexe, 440-491
fonctions de, 444-491 analytique, 451-491 dérivée de, 449 intégration de, 453
intégrale linéaire de, 454 Développement de Taylor pour, 464 Composantes de
force, 217 Fonction composite, 134, 137 Condenseur, 283, 299, 305, 308, 387
Série conditionnellement convergente, 16, 17, 21 |
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conditional, 16, 17, 21 interval of, 31, 33 of series, 4, 7 |
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conditionnel, 16, 17, 21
intervalle de, 31, 33 de série, 4, 7 |
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Conditions, Cauchy-Riemann, 221, 450, 455 Dirichlet, 65 |
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Conditions, Cauchy-Riemann, 221,
450, 455 Dirichlet, 65 |
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Conjugate functions, 468, 470
Conservation of matter, law of, 429 Conservative field of force, 219, 411
Consistent systems of equations, 117-122 |
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Fonctions conjuguées, 468, 470
Conservation de la matière, loi de, 429 Champ de force conservateur, 219, 411
Systèmes d'équations cohérents, 117-122 |
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conservative, 411 electrostatic,
475, 477, 479 irrotational, 418 Finite discontinuity, 64 Fitting, curve,
525-560 Flexure, 298 |
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conservateur, 411
électrostatique, 475, 477, 479 irrotationnel, 418 discontinuité finie, 64
ajustement, courbe, 525-560 flexion, 298 |
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consistent, 117-122 dependent, 105 differential, 225-391
Euler’s, 430 |
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cohérent, 117-122 dépendant, 105
différentiel, 225-391 d'Euler, 430 |
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Continuity, equations of, 221, 429, 481 |
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Continuité, équations de, 221,
429, 481 |
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Convergence, absolute, 16, 17, 20, 21, 33 |
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Convergence, absolue, 16, 17,
20, 21, 33 |
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Coordinates, ellipsoidal, 433 parabolic, 439 |
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Coordonnées, ellipsoïdales, 433
paraboliques, 439 |
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cos x, 46, 250 cosh, 247 |
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cos x, 46, 250 cos, 247 |
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Cosine, hyperbolic, 247 power
series for, 38, 40 Cosine series, 73 |
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Cosinus, hyperbolique, 247 série
de puissance pour, 38, 40 Série cosinus, 73 |
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Cosines, direction, 146, 147,
151, 188, 194, 398 coth, 249 Cramer’s rule, 113 Cross product, 400 Cubic
equation, algebraic solution of,#86 |
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Cosinus, direction, 146, 147,
151, 188, 194, 398 coth, 249 Règle de Cramer, 113 Produit croisé, 400
Équation cubique, solution algébrique de,#86 |
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Cylindrical coordinates, 152, 185, 190, 191, 378, 386, 434,
438 |
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Coordonnées cylindriques, 152,
185, 190, 191, 37 |
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D |
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Dam, gravity, 483 Damping, viscous, 302* |
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Dead-beat motion, 304
Decomposition of vectors, 396 Definite integrals, 172 change of variable m,
183-188 evaluation of, 172 mean-value theorem for, 21071. Deflection, 299 |
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definition of, 197, 454
evaluation of, 202-206, 458 for angle, 195 for area, 201 for work, 217 in
space, 215, 410, 421 properties of, 206-217 transformation of, 202, 421
Linear dependence or independence, 116, 317 |
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Degree of differential equation, 225 Del, V (see Nabla) |
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Delta amplitude, dn, 51 De Moivre’s theorem, 90, 442 |
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Dependence, functional, 2 linear, 116 |
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Dependent events, 495 Derivation
of differential equations, 231-247 Derivative, 125 directional, 143, 151, 219
normal, 144, 146, 152 of functions of a complex variable, 449, 452, 463 |
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derivation of, 351 |
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Differential equations, 225-391
Bernoulli’s, 286 Bessel’s, 332, 380 Cauchy-Ricmann, 221, 450, 455 Cauchy’s,
322n. definition of, 225 degree of, 225 derivation of, 231-247 Euler’s, 322,
430 exact, 262 first order, 256, 267 Fourier, 425 |
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Differential equations, general
solution of, 230, 290, 292, 350, 358 homogeneous, 259, 2G1 homogeneous
linear, 290 integral curve of, 22(5, 228 integrating factor of, 205
Laplace’s, 309, 382, 385, 386, 439, 451, 470, 481 Legendre’s, 342, 384
linear, 226, 283-349, 357 numerical solution of, 346 of electric circuits,
301, 305, 386 of heat conduction, 367 of membrane, 377 of vibrating spring,
308 of vibrating string, 361 order of, 225 ordinary, 225-349 partial, 225,
350-391 particular integral of, 290, 292, 297, 318, 359 particular solution
of, 230 second order, 269, 295 separation of variables m, 257 simultaneous,
312-315 singular solution of, 279 solution m series, 228, 325, 349, 364 |
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Differential expression, 225
Differential operators, 287-299, 357, 406 |
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differential, 287-299, 357, 406 vector (see Curl; Divergence; |
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Differential, exact, 211, 212,
216, 222, 224, 262, 411, 418, 420 of area, 184, 190 of volume, 185, 187, 190
partial, 128-143 total, 127-143 |
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Differentiation, of implicit functions, 132-142 |
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Direction angles, 146, 398
Direction components, 146 Direction cosines, 146, 147, 151, 188, 194, 398 |
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direction cosines of, 146, 147,
151 normal, 144, 146-149 of equal potential, 277 of flow, 475 stream, 277,
432, 467 tangent, 143, 147, 151 vector equation of, 395 Line integrals,
197-224, 410, 421, 454 |
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Direction ratios, 150, 151
Directional derivative, 143, 151, 219 (See also Gradient) |
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Dirichlet conditions, 65
Discharge of condenser, 299 Discontinuity, finite, 64 Discriminant of cubic,
89 Distance, element of, 435 Distribution of charge, 487 Distribution charts,
506 Distribution turve, 504, 516 Distributive law, 399, 400 Divergence, of
senes, 5, 8, 20 / of a vector, 411, 423, 438 Divergence theorem, 191, 415,
425, 428 dn uf 51 |
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Dot product, 399 |
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Double integrals, 173, 192, 202,
275 Drying of porous solids, 369 Dynamics, laws of, 231 |
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E |
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Effects, superposition of, 129,
223 E{k, <p), 48-51, 54 Elastic curve, 240, 307 Elasticity, 241, 422,
484-486 Electrodynamics, 422, 423n. Electron, 315 |
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Electrostatic field, 475, 477,
479 Electrostatic force, 487 Electrostatic potential, 487 Electrostatics,
486-491 Element, of arc, 467 of area, 184, 190, 437 of distance, 435 of
volume, 185, 187, 190, 437 Elementary functions, 315 expansion of, 35-46, 65-82,
465 Ellipse, area of, 177, 202 center of gravity of, 177 length of arc of, 47
Ellipsoidal coordinates, 433 Elliptic functions, 51 |
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Elliptic integrals, 47-55 complete, 48 |
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EMPIRICAL FORMULAS AND CURVE FITTING |
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EMPIRICAL FORMULAS AND CURVE FITTING |
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EMPIRICAL FORMULAS AND CURVE FITTING |
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Equations, Cauchy-Uiemann, 221, 450, 455 |
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Error function, 516 |
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Error, Gaussian law of, 520, 536
mean, 516 mean absolute, 522 mean square, 522 of observation, 516 probable,
521 small, 56 |
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Euler equation, 322 Euler
formulas, 78, 251 Euler’s equations, 430 Euler’s theorem, 136 Evaluation of
integrals, by differentiation, 169 m series, 43-46 Even function, 68 Events,
dependent, 495 independent, 495 mutually exclusive, 497 Exact differential,
211, 212, 216, 222, 224, 262, 411, 418, 420 Exact differential equation, 262
Expansion, in Bessel functions, 339 in Fourier series, 65-82 m Legendre
polynomials, 346 in Maclaunil’s series, 37 in power series, 37-46 in Taylor’s
scries, 37 m trigonometric series, 65 uniqueness of, 38 Expectation, 500 |
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evaluation of integrals by, 43-46 Fourier, 63-82 infinite,
1-62 |
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Expected number of successes,
508 Exponential form for trigonometric functions, 78, 251, 446, 447
Exponential function, expansion for, 42, 446 |
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Extremal values, 164 Extremum, 164 |
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F |
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F(k, <?), 48-55 Factor,
integrating, 265 Factor theorem, 92 Factonal, n!, approximation for, 509 (See
also Gamma functions) Falling body, 58, 232 Field, 406 |
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first kind, F(k, *>), 48-55,
238 second kind, E(k, <*>), 48-54 third kind, II(n, k} <p), 50
Empirical formulas, 525-500 Entropy, 224 Envelope, 279 Equation, auxiliary,
292 Bernoulli’s, 286 Bessel’s, 332, 380 characteristic, 292 cubic, 80 Euler,
322 Fourier, 425 indicia!, 334 integral, 347 |
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Flow, of a liquid, 220, 424, 428, 477, |
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for exact differential, 212, 216
Conductivity, 367, 426 Conductor, 486, 489 Conformal mapping, 465, 471
Conformal representation, applications of, 479-491 Conformal transformation,
467 Conjugate of a complex number, 444, 488 |
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for functions of one variable,
158 for functions of several variables, 160 |
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Fourier, 425 |
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fundamental principle of, 6 limit of, 3 |
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general, 230, 290, 292, 350, 358 particular, 230 |
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geometric interpretation of, 177
Multiplication, of complex numbers, 442 |
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Gradient; Nabla) |
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graphical solution of, 83 Curl,
418, 422, 423, 438 Current, 386, 427 Curve, distribution, 504, 516 clastic,
240, 307 map of, 466 Curve fitting, 525-560 Curves, integral, 226, 228, 279
orthogonal, 277, 468 Curvilinear coordinates, 433-439 Cylinder functions (see
Bessel functions) |
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hofnogeneous linear, 119-122 non-homogeneous linear, 113-119 |
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in applied mathematics, 55
Approximation, Laplace’s or normal, 515 |
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in integrals, 183-188
Characteristic equation, 292 Charge, distribution of, 487 Charts,
distribution, 506 Chemical reaction, 258 Circular functions, 247 Circulation,
of a liquid, 475, 477 of a vector, 418, 419 Closed curve, area of, 199-201
direction around, 200 integral around, 201, 203, 206, 216, 421 simple, 200 cn
w, 51 |
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inconsistent, 105, 117-122 normal, 537, 540 |
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INFINITE SERIES |
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integration and differentiation of, 29, 33, 34 |
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integration of, 353 |
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Lagrange’s interpolation formula, 552 |
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Lagrange’s method of multipliers, 163-167 |
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Lamellar field, 423 Laplace’s
approximation, 515 Laplace’s equation, 195, 369, 382, 385, 386, 439, 451,
470, 481 Law, Bernoulli-Euler, 241 binomial, 502, 512 of attraction, 218 of
conservation of matter, 429 of cooling, 254 of dynamics, 231 of error, 520,
536 of gravitation, 232 of small numbers, 512 Least squares, method of, 536
theory of, 521 |
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Laplace’s, 195, 309, 382, 385,
380, 439, 451, 470, 481 Legendre’s, 342, 384 of continuity, 221, 429, 481 of
plane, 147 wave, 432 |
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Laplace's, 369, 382, 385, 386, 439 |
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Legendre polynomials, 344, 384
expansion in, 346 • Legendre’s equation, 342, 384 Leibnitz’s rule (see
Differentiation, under integral sign) |
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Leibnitz’s test (see Test, for
alternating series) length, of arc, 143 of ellipse, 47 of sine curve, 55
Level surface, 406 Limit, 2, 124, 454 Line, contour, 144 coordinate, 434 |
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Line integrals, applic&ions of, 217-224 |
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Linear differential equations,
283-349, 357 |
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Linear differential operator,
287-299 Ivog z, 446 |
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linear, 357 |
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logarithmic paper, 526 |
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M |
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M test, 27 |
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Maclaurin formula, 36
Maclaurin’s scries, 37, 249 Magnitude of a vector, 393 Map, geographic, 479
of a curve, 466 Mapping functions, 467 Matrix, 114-122 augmented, 118
determinants of, 115 rank of, 115 |
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Maxima and minima, constrained, 163 |
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Mean error, 516, 522 Mean-value
theorems, 210n. Measure numbers, 397 Mechanical quadrature, 554 Membrane,
vibration of, 377 Mercator’s projection, 479 Metric coefficients, 437 |
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Minima (see Maxima and minima) Minimax, 162 |
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Modulus, of complex number, 441, 442 |
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Motion, dead-beat, 304 fluid,
220 1aws of, 231, 234 of a membrane, 377 oscijlatory, 304 pendulum, 48, 234
simple harmonic, 233, 301, 314, 380 |
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MULTIPLE INTEGRALS |
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MULTIPLK INTEGRALS |
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Mutually exclusive events, 497 N |
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Nabla, or del, V, 194, 195, 407, 414, 422 |
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Newtonian potential, 196
Newton’s law, of attraction, 218 of cooling, 254 of dynamics, first law, 231
second law, 231, 272, 363 third law, 231, 234 of gravitation, 232 Newton’s
method of solution, 97 |
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Normal distribution curve, 516
Normal equations, 537, 540 Normal form, 146 |
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Normal law (see Gaussian law of error) |
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Normal line, 144, 146-149 Normal
orthogonal functions, 81 Numbers, complex, 440 measure, 397 |
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Normal, to a curve, 144 to a
plane, 146, 147 to a surface, 147, 188, 407 Normal approximation, 515 Normal
derivative, 144, 146, 152 (See also Gradient) |
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Numerical integration, 554-560
Numerical solution of differential equations, 346 |
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O |
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Odd function, 68 Operator, 528 |
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of determinants, 110 of series,
21 of vectors, 399 Multiplicity of root, 93, 294 Multiplier, Lagrangian, 165
Multiply connected region, 205, 212, 455 |
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of differential equations, 226, 228, 325 |
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of elastic membrane, 377 of
electric circuits, 386 of heat conduction, 367, 425 of vibrating string, 361
Partial differentials, 128-143 Partial differentiation, 123-171 Partial
fractions, method of, 297 Partial sum, 4 |
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of elliptic function, fc, 51
Moment, bending, 241 Moment of inertia, 177, 180, 182, 183, 187, 190, 191,
196, 241 Moments, method of, 544 Most probable value, 505 approximation for
probability of, 511 |
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of functions, 23, 28, 124, 448 Contour line, 144 |
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of hyperbolic functions, 255 of
series, 29, 33 partial, 125-143, 153 total, 130-143 Descartes’s rule of
signs, 94 Determinants, 102-114 cofactors of, 111 expansion of, 106rc., Ill
functional or Jacobian, 183 Laplace development of, 111 minors of, 110 of matrix,
115 product of, 110 properties of, 107-112 solution of equations by, 102-114
Wronskian, 317 Deviation, standard, 523 Diagonal term of determinant, 107
Diagram, pv, 223 Differences, 527 |
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of integration, 173 simply
connected, 205 Regula falsi, 101 Regular functions, 451 Remainder in Taylor’s
series, 36-37 Remainder theorem, 92 Repeated trials, 501 Representation,
applications of conformal, 479-491 Residuals, 534, 537 Resonance, 310 Riemann
surface, 473 Right-handed system of axes, 397 Rod, flow of heat in, 373
vibitltions of, 366, 367 Roots, of equations, 83-102 isolation of, 92
theorems on, 92-94 of unity, w, o>2, 87 Rot (see Curl) |
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of series, 29, 33, 34, 80
partial, 123-171 term by term, 33, 34, 80 under integral sign, 167 Diffusion,
369, 427 Diffusivity, 368w. |
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Order of differential equation,
225 Ordinary differential equations, 225-* ' 349 |
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ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS |
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ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS |
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P |
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p series, 10 Parabola, 244
Parabolic coordinates, 439 Paraboloid, hyperbolic, 162 Parachute, 253, 255 |
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Pao* |
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Parallelogram law of addition,
394 Parameters, 277, 280 integrals containing, 167 variation of, 318 |
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Parametric equations, 143, 149, 150, 199, 215, 247 |
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parametric, 143, 149, 150, 199, 215 representing special types
of data, 528 |
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Partial derivatives, 125-143, 153 Partial differential
equation, 350-391 |
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PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS |
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PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS |
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PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION |
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PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION |
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Particular integral, 290, 292, 297, 318, 359 |
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Particular solution, 230 Path, integrals independent of, 208,
216, 452, 455 |
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Pendulum, simple, 44, 234-238,
306 Periodic function, 64 Picard’s method, 347 Plane, equation of, 147
inclined, 280, 282, 306 normal form for, 146 tangent, 146-149 Point, of
inflection, 159 singular, 451 Poisson formula, 512 Polar coordinates,
183,184, 276, 279, 386, 438 |
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polar, 183, 184, 276, 279, 386,
438 spherical, 152, 185, 382, 386, 434, 439 |
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Polygon, rectilinear, 478, 485
Polynomials, Legendre, 344, 384 Porous solids, drying of, 369 Potential,
electrostatic, 487 gravitational, 219, 408 lines of equal, 277 Newtonian, 196 |
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Potential function, 219, 411
Power series, 30-62 differentiation of, 33, 34 evaluation of integrals by,
43-46 expansion in, 35-^16 functions defined by, 33 integration of, 33, 34
interval of convergence of, 31, 33 operations on, 33-35 theorems on, 31-35 uniform
convergence of, 33 uniqueness of expansion in, 38 whose terms are infinite
series, 40 Power series solutions of differential equations, 325-346
Precision constant, 520, 521 Pressure on dam, 484 Primitive, 458 |
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Preface |
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Principal part of increment, 128
Probability, 492-524 Probability curve, 521 Probable error, 521 Probable
value, most, 505 probability of, 511 Product, of determinants, 110 scalar,
399 vector, 400 |
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Projection, Mercator’s, 479
stereographic, 479 Pulley, slipping of belt on, 239 pv diagram, 223 |
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Q |
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Quadrature, mechanical, 554 Quotient, of complex numbers, 444
of power series, 40 |
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R |
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Radius of convergence, 31, 33
Radius vector, 195 Rank of matrix, 115 Ratio test, 11, 20, 31 Reaction,
chemical, 258 Rearrangement of series, 17 Rectilinear polygon, 478, 485
Recursion formula, 273, 328, 331, 334 |
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radius of, 31, 33 uniform,
23-30, 33 Cooling, law of, 254 Coordinate lines, 434 Coordinate surfaces, 434
Coordinates, curvilinear, 433-439 cylindrical, 152, 185, 190, 191, 378, 386,
434, 438 |
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Region, multiply connected, 205, 212, 455 |
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Rotational field, 418 Rule, Cramer’s, 113 Simpson’s, 556
trapezoidal, J>56 |
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S |
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Sbction |
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Scalar field, 406, 408 Scalar
point function, 406, 418 Scalar product, 399 application of, 404 Scalars, 392 |
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Schwartz transformation, 478, 485, 491 |
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Section |
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section |
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Section |
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Section |
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Seepage flow, 483 Separation of variables, 257 Sequences, 2 |
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Series, asymptotic, 524 binomial, 40 |
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Series, of constants, 6-22 of functions, 23-62 power, 30-62 |
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Simple pendulum, 44, 234-238,
306 Simply connected region, 205 Simpson’s rule, 556 Simultaneous
differential equations, 312-315 |
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Simultaneous equations, 102-122, 139-141 sin xt 41, 250 sin-1
x, 46 |
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simultaneous, 102-122, 139-141 solution of, 83-122 systems of,
102-122 |
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Sine, hyperbolic, 247 length of
curve, 55 power series for, 40, 41 Sme series, 73 Singular point, 451
Singular solution, 279 Singularities of function, 222 smh x, 247 |
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Sink {see Source and sink)
Six-ordinate scheme, 548 Slipping of belt on pulley, 239 Small numbers, law
of, 512 |
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sn u, 51 |
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Solenoidal field, 423 Solid angle, 195 Solids, drying of
porous, 369 Solution, of cubic, 86-91 |
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solution of differential equations by, 228, 325-346 |
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SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS |
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SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS |
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solution of, 226 |
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Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s, 37,
155, 228, 249, 464, 539 tests for convergence of, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 27, 31,
33 |
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tests for, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 27, 31, 33 |
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theorems on, 17, 21, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38 |
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under gravity, 232 Multiple
integrals, 172-196 definition and evaluation of, 173, 179 |
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uniform convergence of, 23-30
Shearing stresses, 485 Simple dosed curve, 200 Simple harmonic motion, 233,
301, 314, 380 equation of, 234 period of, 234 |
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velocity, 221, 222, 277, 430, 432, 453, 467, 480 |
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vii |
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with constant coefficients, 287
367 with variable coefficients, 284, 315-349 |
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with constant coefficients, 287-315, 357 |
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with variable coefficients, 284, 315-349 |
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xi |
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